PROBLEMS IN PROOFING THE FURT CRIMINALS IN THE DIGITAL SECTOR, INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION, AND COLLECTION OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCES
Keywords:
digital theft, electronic evidence, identification, transnational crime, anonymity, VPN, crypto-assets, drop card, evidentiary processAbstract
The article analyzes current problems arising in the process of proving digital theft crimes committed through information and communication technologies, identifying the perpetrator, and collecting electronic evidence. It is substantiated that the specific aspects of digital crimes – remoteness, anonymity, and cross-border nature – pose significant challenges in investigative and judicial practice. The study revealed that the concepts of cybercrime in national legislation are not sufficiently clear, the procedure for collecting and evaluating electronic evidence is not uniform, and a unified judicial practice has not been formed. The article substantiates the need to eliminate existing problems by improving international legal documents, national reforms, and the personnel training system. At the same time, the importance of providing a full legal assessment of all participants through the wide application of the institution of complicity in digital theft crimes is scientifically highlighted.
Downloads
References
Anorboev, A. U. (2022). The concept of cybercrimes and problems of their legal interpretation (pp. 25–48). TSUL Publishing House.
Arkhiptsev, I. N. (2021). Cybercrime and digital forensics (pp. 25–60). INFRA-M.
Baybarin, A. A., & Sadchikov, D. N. (2022). Problems of qualification of crimes in the sphere of non-cash payments (pp. 101–140). Prospekt.
Baybarin, A. A. (2019). Non-cash and electronic funds as a subject of theft (pp. 45–78). Yuridicheskaya Literatura.
Brenner, S. (2019). Cybercrime: Criminal threats from cyberspace (p. 116). Oxford University Press.
Council of Europe. (2001). Convention on cybercrime (Budapest Convention) (Articles 2–10, 14–21). Strasbourg.
Directive 2013/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on attacks against information systems. (2013). Official Journal of the European Union.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2022). Directive (EU) 2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS 2 Directive). European Commission Digital Strategy. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/nis2-directive
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2024 on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements (Cyber Resilience Act). Official Journal of the European Union, L 2024/2847.
Gustova, E. V. (2021). Qualification of cybercrimes and computer fraud (pp. 33–70). Norma.
Kerr, O. (2023). Digital evidence and the new criminal procedure. Columbia Law Review, 123, 29.
Kerr, O. S. (2005). Searches and seizures in a digital world. Harvard Law Review, 119, 531–585.
Nekrasov, D. E., Bryukhnov, A. A., & Napkhanenko, I. P. (2020). Electronic funds as a subject of crime (pp. 60–92). Yuridicheskiy Tsentr Press.
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2023). Resolution “On measures to strengthen consumer rights protection in the field of digital products (services) and to combat offenses committed through digital technologies” (No. RP–381). Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/6681111
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2025). Resoluton “On measures to introduce a system for training professional personnel in the field of combating crimes committed through digital technologies”. (No. RP–17). Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/uz/docs/7339006
Republic of Uzbekistan. (2023). Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Adolat Publishing House.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization. (2009). Agreement on cooperation in the field of international information security (pp. 10–30). SCO Secretariat.
United Nations General Assembly. (2021). Group of Governmental Experts on Advancing Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security (Official Resolution/Report). United Nations.
Wall, D. S. (2007). Cybercrime: The transformation of crime in the information age (pp. 80–140). Polity Press.
Zhalinsky, A. E. (2006). Sovremennoye nemetskoe ugolovnoe pravo [Modern German criminal law]. Prospekt.
