Uzbekistan Law Review is a scientific-analytical journal dedicated to exploring and evaluating the diverse aspects of law and legislative developments in Uzbekistan. This publication serves as a platform for in-depth legal research, commentary, and analysis by esteemed scholars and practitioners. The journal emphasizes the critical examination of legislative reforms, administrative law, civil and criminal law, and international legal relations. It aims to contribute to the advancement of legal scholarship and practice by presenting comprehensive studies that support the development of democratic principles, governance, and the rule of law.
Oʻzbekistonda elektron valyuta (kripto-aktiv) munosabatlarini huquqiy tartibga solishdagi muammolar tahlili
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida elektron valyuta va kripto-aktivlar aylanmasini huquqiy muammolari tahlil tartibga qilinadi. solishning Muallif dolzarb amaldagi qonunchilikdagi tarqoqlik, kripto-aktivlarning to‘lov vositasi sifatida taqiqlanishi va mulk huquqi bilan bog‘liq ziddiyatlarni yoritib provayderlari bergan. Shuningdek, xizmatlar faoliyati, smart-kontraktlarning texnik huquqiy tabiati hamda "eskrou" tizimini takomillashtirish masalalari o‘rganiladi. Maqola yakunida "Elektron tijorat to‘g‘risida"gi qonun normalarini imperativ shaklga keltirish bo‘yicha ilmiy asoslantirilgan takliflar ilgari surilgan.
12.00.03 – Fuqarolik huquqi. Tadbirkorlik huquqi. Oila huquqi. Xalqaro xususiy huquq.
Elektron valyuta munosabatlarining shakllanishi va rivojlanishining konstitutsiyaviy-huquqiy asoslari
Mazkur maqolada elektron valyuta munosabatlarining AQSH va jahon miqyosidagi shakllanish tarixi, kredit kartalaridan tortib zamonaviy kriptovalyutalargacha bo‘lgan evolyutsion yo‘li tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda elektron to‘lov tizimlarini tartibga soluvchi huquqiy hujjatlar, xavfsizlik texnologiyalari hamda blokcheyn tizimining o‘rni yoritilgan. Shuningdek, raqamli aktivlarning iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy omillari, soliqqa tortish masalalari hamda kiberxavfsizlik muammolari o‘rganiladi. Maqola elektron valyutalarning huquqiy maqomini belgilash va sohadagi kamchiliklarni bartaraf etishga qaratilgan ilmiy xulosalarni taqdim etadi.
A SCIENTIFIC MODEL FOR EXAMINING THE COMPLEXITY OF CORRUPTION NETWORKS
This research presents the TASP framework, designed to analyze corruption through four dimensions – Types, Activities, Sectors, and Places. Further, it examines the multifaceted nature of corruption within the public sphere, emphasizing how such practices originate, how they can be effectively measured, and the risks they pose to institutional integrity. Rather than treating corruption solely as a matter of personal misconduct or legal violation, the study conceptualizes it as a systemic and cultural phenomenon embedded within political and administrative systems. By employing the TASP framework, incidents of both actual and suspected corruption can be assessed with greater precision, enabling the formulation of appropriate preventive and corrective measures aimed at transforming unethical practices and enhancing public sector performance. Moreover, the research contributes to identifying the specific patterns, locations, and contexts in which corruption occurs, thereby clarifying areas of heightened vulnerability. Drawing on empirical findings, it ultimately shows that categorizing and comprehending corrupt behaviors in detail is essential for the development of focused and effective anti-corruption policies on the whole.
institutional integrity, policymaking process, administrative frameworks, bureaucratic structures, ethical failure
ILLEGAL MIGRATION AS A TRANSNATIONAL RISK: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ANALYSIS
This article analyzes the phenomenon of illegal migration from a theoretical and practical point of view as a transnational threat. In the process of globalization, the relative openness of state borders, economic and social inequality, armed conflicts, and environmental crises are causing a sharp increase in illegal migration flows. From this point of view, the article primarily examines the theoretical concepts of illegal migration and scientific approaches to its assessment as a transnational threat. At the next stage, practical aspects are analyzed, that is, mechanisms of cooperation at the regional and international levels, legal agreements between states, experience in managing migration flows, and existing problems. During the study, special attention will be paid to the activities of international organizations (UN, ILO, EU, etc.) and Uzbekistan’s national policy in this area. The author puts forward proposals based on a comprehensive approach to combating illegal migration, interstate information exchange, strengthening the legal framework, and ensuring human rights.
illegal migration, transnational threat, international cooperation, legal regulation, national security
PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE DIGITAL SERVICES ACT APPROACH IN THE NATIONAL REGULATION SYSTEM
The article analyzes the prospects for implementing the European Union’s Digital Services Act (DSA) approach into the legal regulation system of digital platforms in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on a comparative legal analysis, the key principles of the Digital Services Act – user rights priority, platform responsibility, transparency of algorithms and moderation practices – were identified and their relationship with national legislation was demonstrated. Recent legislative initiatives, including the draft law “On the Protection of the Rights of Users of Online Platforms and Websites,” are being considered. The advantages of adapting the DSA approach (protecting users, increasing the responsibility of providers, and harmonizing with international norms), as well as potential challenges in its implementation, are noted. It was concluded that DSA can become the basis for modernizing Uzbekistan’s digital regulation, provided that its provisions are adapted to national characteristics and ensure effective interaction between the state, business, and society.
Digital Services Act, online platforms, internet services, national regulation, content moderation, user rights
ISSUES OF HARMONIZING NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELATED TO TOURISM IN THE PROCESS OF JOINING THE WTO
The article analyzes topical issues related to harmonizing the national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the tourism sector with the requirements of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) in the context of the country’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The purpose of the study is to provide a scientific justification for the need to gradually liberalize the tourism services market and to simplify licensing and certification procedures. The research employs comparative legal, normative-legal, and analytical methods. The findings indicate that the formation of a legal framework aligned with international standards enhances the competitiveness of the tourism sector. The conclusions of the study have practical significance for improving tourism policy and implementing GATS commitments into national legislation.
WTO, GATS, tourism legislation, liberalization, investment, national interests
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE USA, THE EUROPEAN UNION, AND UZBEKISTAN
The article examines the legal framework for the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into renewable energy sources using the example of the USA, the European Union, and Uzbekistan. In the course of the research, the works of foreign scientists, specialists, and researchers devoted to the role of artificial intelligence in energy systems, its positive and negative aspects, as well as the solutions proposed by them, were analyzed. Current international standards, including the European Artificial Intelligence Law, NIST principles, and other regulatory documents, were compared. The regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of regulation of renewable energy and artificial intelligence were studied, and a comparative analysis of existing standards was conducted. Materials from international scientific databases and peer-reviewed journals indexed by Scopus on the integration of artificial intelligence into the energy sector were used. Legal regimes were compared, regulatory gaps were identified, and recommendations for improving the sphere were given.
12.00.06 – Tabiiy resurslar huquqi. Agrar huquq. Ekologik huquq.
renewable energy, artificial intelligence, environmental sustainability, security, integration, artificial intelligence technologies
CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TORT LIABILITY IN THE CIVIL LAW OF UZBEKISTAN: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS AND WAYS TO IMPROVE
This article is devoted to a critical analysis of the problems associated with the application of the institution of tort liability (liability arising from causing harm) in the civil law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Within the framework of the study, the discrepancies between the normative provisions established in the Civil Code and law enforcement practice are studied. This difference is manifested, first of all, in the predominance of administrative-legal and criminal-legal approaches in the matter of compensation for damages, as well as in the fact that the damage caused to victims as a result of this is compensated not by civil-legal mechanisms, but by other legal means. Based on a comparative legal analysis of the legislation and judicial practice of developed foreign jurisdictions belonging to the Anglo-American and Continental European legal systems, the author identifies the main shortcomings in the legal regulation of tort liability in Uzbekistan. In particular, the absence of detailed and accurate methods for calculating the amount of damage, insufficient development of procedural mechanisms for exercising the right to compensation for damage, the lack of specialization of judicial bodies in this area, and the absence of a stable law enforcement practice are noted. At the end of the study, a number of scientific and practical proposals aimed at improving legislation and law enforcement practice will be put forward.
tort liability, compensation for damages, civil liability, construction defects, traffic accidents, methodology for calculating damages, comparative law, law enforcement practice
SECRETS OF PRODUCTION (KNOW-HOW) IN THE FIELD OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
The article aims to conduct a theoretical and legal analysis of trade secrets (know-how) in the field of biotechnology. Know-how encompasses practical knowledge, technical experience, and skills necessary for biotechnological production, but their legal regulation differs significantly across various jurisdictions. The research employs comparative legal analysis, doctrinal analysis, and case study methods to evaluate know-how protection systems in different countries. According to the study, in common law systems, know-how is protected within the broader framework of trade secrets, whereas the Russian Federation treats it as a separate intellectual property institution. The article demonstrates that Uzbekistan’s current legislation incorporates know-how within the framework of trade secret protection, while highlighting the need to improve regulation of production secrets specific to biotechnology, particularly regarding digital data protection, employee mobility in specialized technical fields, and legal protection mechanisms appropriate for complex biotechnological processes.
biotechnology, intellectual property protection, trade secrets, production secrets, know-how, digital technologies
THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL NECESSITY OF REGULATING LOBBYING IN THE LAW-MAKING PROCESS
We examine the political and legal necessity of regulating lobbying in the law-making process to promote transparency, accountability, and equal access to influence policy. Based on comparative literature from the United States, Canada, European Union, Latvia, and Poland, the study shows that such lobbying can serve as a legitimate channel for representing interests rather than corruption when properly integrated into a legal system. Using comparative-legal, analytical, and system-structural data, the research assesses Uzbekistan’s current legislative practices and highlights the risks of uncontrolled lobbying. It is argued that the Law on Lobbying will become an institutional pillar to ensure transparent interaction between government agencies and interest groups, eliminate conflicts of interest, and uphold the rule of law. The findings contribute to the modernization of Uzbekistan’s legal system and enhance public trust in democratic governance.
12.00.01 – Davlat va huquq nazariyasi va tarixi. Huquqiy ta’limotlar tarixi.
lobbying, law-making, political-legal reform, interest groups, transparency, legal policy
The Digital Age and Human Rights: Challenges in International Law
In the era of digitalization, human rights are undergoing significant changes, requiring the adaptation of international law to new challenges. The article examines the main aspects of human transformation under the influence of digital technologies such as the Internet, artificial intelligence and big data. The emphasis is placed on the issues of privacy, digital inequality, and threats associated with the use of algorithms. Examples of human rights violations are analyzed, as well as the impact of digital technologies on freedom of expression, access to information and protection from discrimination. The research methodology is based on the analysis of international legal documents, scientific theories and doctrines in the field of human rights. The author draws attention to the role of international law in protecting human rights in the digital age. The study includes both theoretical and empirical analysis, reflecting the impact of digitalization on fundamental human rights. The results of the study show that the international community is faced with the need to create new mechanisms of legal protection. An important aspect is global cooperation and the development of universal standards for regulating the digital space, preventing discrimination against algorithms and protecting vulnerable groups.
SUN’IY INTELLEKT TIZIMLARIDAN XALQARO TIJORAT MUNOSABATLARIDA FOYDALANISHNING EVOLYUTSIYASI VA HOZIRGI HOLATI
Ushbu maqolada sun’iy intellektning xalqaro tijorat munosabatlaridagi evolyutsiyasi, hozirgi holati va rivojlanish istiqbollari har tomonlama tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda sun’iy intellektning dastlabki ekspert tizimlaridan boshlab, bugungi kunda mashinali o‘rganish, chuqur o‘rganish, tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash va blokcheyn bilan integratsiyalashgan zamonaviy yechimlargacha bo‘lgan taraqqiyot bosqichlari yoritilgan. Xalqaro savdo moliyasi, bojxona jarayonlari, logistika va global ta’minot zanjirlarida sun’iy intellektdan foydalanishning amaliy jihatlari alohida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, Jahon Savdo Tashkiloti, BMT va Yevropa Ittifoqi doirasida shakllanayotgan huquqiy-me’yoriy asoslar tahlil qilinib, ularning sun’iy intellekt qo‘llanilishiga ta’siri baholangan. Maqolada sun’iy intellektning xalqaro savdoda samaradorlikni oshirishdagi roli bilan birga, huquqiy aniqlik va tartibga solish zarurati ham asoslab bergan.
Muhammad Ali Po‘latjon o‘g‘li Turdialiyev
“AVTOMOBIL YOʻLLARI TOʻGʻRISIDA”GI QONUNNING YANGI TAHRIRI LOYIHASIDA SHAFFOFLIK VA KORRUPSIYAGA QARSHI KAFOLATLARNING HUQUQIY TAHLILI
In this article, the principles of legality, openness, and transparency, enshrined in separate articles, as well as guarantees of transparency and anti-corruption defined in the draft of the new edition of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Automobile Roads,” are analyzed from a legal perspective for the first time. The advantages of attracting the private sector through outsourcing through open tenders to the processes of operating public roads are also highlighted. The study shows that, although the norms of the law contain general provisions aimed at reducing corruption risks, their practical mechanisms are not sufficiently clearly defined. In particular, the need to introduce electronic tender systems, the publication of open data in the Open Data Standard on State Contracts (OCDS), independent financial and technical audits, a cost register based on blockchain technology, legal protection of informants, and the Integrity Pact is substantiated. International standards were analyzed using the recommendations of the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and Transparency International, as well as the experience of Ukraine (“ProZorro”), Chile (“ChileCompra”), India, Colombia, and Poland. The research results indicate the need to develop legal and institutional proposals to ensure transparency and accountability in the implementation of road transport infrastructure projects, reduce corruption risks, and strengthen public trust.
avtomobil yoʻllari, korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish, shaffoflik, hisobdorlik, elektron tender, Davlat shartnomalari haqidagi ochiq maʼlumotlar standarti (OCDS), mustaqil audit, halollik pakti (Integrity Pact), xabar qiluvchilar himoyasi, jamoatchilik nazorati
KIBERJINOYATCHILIK O‘SISHI ORTIDAN KIBERJINOYATCHI PORTRETIGA NAZAR
In this scientific article, the personality profile of a cybercriminal is comprehensively analyzed. While acknowledging that the emergence of computers and information technologies in human society has facilitated the fulfillment of a number of social functions and the satisfaction of people’s needs, it is emphasized that the Internet is not limited by borders, has the ability to exchange information and data on a large scale as a comprehensive tool, and presents criminals with a new criminal method – cybercrime. The author examines the peculiarities of the individuals behind cybercrime, the biological, demographic, and socio-legal characteristics of criminological significance, which are recognized as a concerning trend emerging on the scene with the widespread use of cyberspace. The article states that previously hacking was not related to criminal activity, but merely considered a skill in working with computer systems, which, like any other skill, was aimed at solving completely different problems depending on the owner’s motivation. However, it is later noted that hackers have become highly qualified individuals in the field of information technology, carrying out systematic criminal activity, among which cyberterrorists, crackers, freakers, and virusesmakers are highlighted. At the end of the research, the author revealed the typical subject of cybercrime based on the portrait of a cybercriminal and its specific features.
12.00.08 – Jinoyat huquqi. Jinoyat-ijroiya huquqi
kiberjinoyat, jinoiy qilmish, shaxs, xulq-atvor profili, shaxsiy xususiyatlar, kraker, xaker, jinoyat yoshi
JAZONI O‘TASHDAN MUDDATIDAN ILGARI SHARTLI OZOD QILISH INSTITUTINING SHAKLLANISHIGA OID ILMIY-NAZARIY VA HUQUQIY QARASHLAR
Studying the history of the formation and development of the institution of conditional early release from serving a sentence in criminal law, analyzing the results achieved during the period of this institution, and studying the reasons for the occurrence of errors made makes it possible to further improve the existing system of the practice of conditional early release from serving a sentence. The institution of conditional eajrly release from serving a sentence has existed since ancient times and was applied to a person upon the commencement of criminal prosecution, based on the nature and consequences of the criminal act committed by him, as well as the person’s behavior and attitude towards the criminal act committed. This circumstance testifies to the fact that the fundamental and philosophical foundations of today’s practice of conditional early release from serving a sentence have been formed and gradually developed. In the article, the author analyzes the views of researchers on the manifestation of the institution of conditional early release from serving a sentence in the elements of ancient law, its development in accordance with the ideas of statehood existing in the history of our country, and the emergence and formation of this institution. The stages of formation of the institution of conditional early release from serving a sentence are described in accordance with the formation of other institutions of criminal law and the nature and features of its historical development.
jazo, sud, hokimiyat, tarix, xulq-atvor, qonun, huquq, jazodan ozod qilish, mahkum, insonparvarlik, shartli ozod qilish, mafkura, tizim, jazoni o‘tash, shartli ozod qilish
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРАВА СОБСТВЕННОСТИ НА ЛЕСНОЙ ФОНД В КАЗАХСТАНЕ И УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ
The article analyzes current problems of legal regulation of forest fund ownership in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Property relations related to the forest fund are examined based on civil, forest, and land legislation. Special attention is paid to the works of researchers illuminating the legal status of the forest fund and forest fund lands. The analysis showed that forests in Uzbekistan are exclusively state property, which corresponds to the constitutional principle of recognizing natural resources as national property. However, such an approach creates a number of problems related to the restriction of private initiative, insufficient regulation of usage rights, and weak institutional control mechanisms. In Kazakhstan, on the contrary, along with the state form of ownership, private ownership of forest plantations of artificial origin is recognized. This opens up opportunities for attracting investments and developing market mechanisms in the forestry sector, but at the same time requires strengthening state control, preventing legal conflicts, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The article also highlights key contradictions and gaps in legal regulation, proposes measures to improve the legislative framework, digitalize cadastral accounting, and implement public-private partnership mechanisms. Comparative analysis allowed for the conclusion that effective forest management should combine ecological, economic, and legal approaches, prioritizing the protection of forests as a national treasure and a condition for sustainable development. Based on the research results, a number of scientific ideas of practical importance have been put forward.
право собственности, лесной фонд, государственная собственность, частная собственность, правовое регулирование, устойчивое развитие, экология, лесное законодательство
РАЗГРАНИЧЕНИЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ И АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ В СФЕРЕ ЭКОЛОГИИ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА КАЗАХСТАНА И УЗБЕКИСТАНА
This article examines the distinction between environmental crimes and administrative offenses in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the provisions of the Criminal Code and the Codes of Administrative Offenses regulating liability for violating environmental legislation. The author notes that environmental offenses come in a variety of forms, ranging from illegal logging and water pollution to poaching and failure to comply with waste management regulations. A key issue is the lack of clear criteria for distinguishing administrative offenses from environmental crimes. This leads to difficulties in law enforcement, a reduction in the preventive impact of the law, and an ineffective environmental protection system. A comparative analysis of the legislation of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan reveals that both countries apply similar approaches, but also have significant differences due to legal policies and national priorities. The article substantiates the need to harmonize national regulations with international standards, implement objective criteria for assessing environmental damage, develop judicial practice, and apply digital monitoring technologies. Also, in this research work, the author touched on the issue of calculating damages for violations committed in the field of environmental protection. It is concluded that improving the distinction between crimes and offences will strengthen environmental safety and increase the effectiveness of sustainable environmental management.
экологические преступления, административные правонарушения, разграничение ответственности, сравнительно-правовой анализ, охрана окружающей среды, экологическая безопасность
ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОЗДАНИЯ И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ
The article examines the legal framework for regulating protected natural areas in the Republic of Uzbekistan as a key element of the state’s environmental policy. The current legislation, in particular the Law “On Protected Natural Areas” (PNA), and its practical application are considered. It is revealed that the PNA system includes various categories: state reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, nature parks, natural monuments, protected landscapes, and territories for the reproduction of individual species. Each category has a specific legal regime that determines permissible forms of economic activity and the degree of restrictions. Particular attention is paid to ecotourism as a promising area of ​​sustainable development capable of providing funding for nature conservation subject to strict compliance with environmental standards. The paper notes the following problems with the current legislation: insufficient regulation of tourism organization procedures, weak monitoring mechanisms, insufficient coordination of government agencies, and limited participation of civil society. A proposal is made to amend Article 8 of the Law “On Specially Protected Natural Areas” aimed at regulating ecotourism, including establishing standards for permissible anthropogenic load and the procedure for issuing permits. It was concluded that improving legislation and introducing modern management tools (digitalization, GIS systems, and international standards) will strengthen conservation measures, develop ecotourism, and ensure a balance between environmental objectives and the interests of society.
охраняемые природные территории, экотуризм, экологическая политика, правовое регулирование, заповедники, природные парки, устойчивое развитие, биоразнообразие
NODAVLAT NOTIJORAT TASHKILOTLARI RAMZLARI BILAN BOG‘LIQ MA’MURIY TARTIB-TAOMILLARNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
This article analyzes the creation of symbols of non-governmental non-commercial organizations (NGOs): coat of arms, flag, logo, emblem and other identification marks, their meaning and social significance, as well as administrative procedures for the registration and protection of these symbols on the basis of legislation. It is scientifically substantiated that NGO symbols play an important role in shaping the organization’s brand, increasing its social prestige, and visually representing its goals and objectives. Problems such as legal gaps in the process of official registration, use, and protection of symbols in the current national legislation, shortcomings in interdepartmental coordination, and inadequate data exchange were analyzed. Also, based on advanced foreign experience, proposals and recommendations were developed to strengthen effective administrative liability measures against cases of illegal use of NGO symbols, to introduce prompt, transparent, and corruption-free mechanisms through comprehensive protection of intellectual property rights and digitalization of these processes. The research results will serve to strengthen the legal status of NGOs, increase their social prestige, develop civil society institutions, and further strengthen mutual trust between the state and society.
12.00.02 – Konstitutsiyaviy huquq. Ma’muriy huquq. Moliya va bojxona huquqi.
nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlari, ramzlar, gerb, bayroq, logotip, ma’muriy tartib-taomillar, huquqiy himoya, intellektual mulk
FUQAROLIK JAMIYATI VA DAVLAT: KONSTITUTSIYAVIY-HUQUQIY HAMKORLIK ASOSLARI
In this article, the constitutional and legal status of civil society institutions is comprehensively analyzed. The author substantiates that in the new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a separate chapter is devoted to these institutions, thereby strengthening their role in public administration. Based on the analysis of the experience of Germany, Japan, Hungary, Portugal, and other countries, the harmonization of the Uzbek model with democratic trends is substantiated. Issues such as constitutional guarantees between the state and civil society, public control, cooperation mechanisms, and financial independence are widely covered. The legal conditions created for the activities of these institutions through presidential decrees and government resolutions were also studied. The author put forward proposals for ensuring the implementation of current norms, increasing the legal awareness of citizens, and strengthening the potential of civil society. At the same time, based on the analysis of the opinions of scientists on the legal basis of civil society institutions and state cooperation, opinions were expressed on improving legislation and applying and interpreting norms in practice. The Concept for the Development of Civil Society in Uzbekistan for 2021-2025 is considered as the basis of constitutional and legal cooperation between civil society and the state. The conclusions of the article serve as a theoretical basis for the formation of a practical policy for the development of civil society.
fuqarolik jamiyati, konstitutsiya, huquqiy maqom, jamoatchilik nazorati, hamkorlik, demokratiya, nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlari, davlat, qonunchilik
“WORK-LIFE BALANCE” KONSEPSIYASINING NAZARIY ASOSLARI VA OʻZBEKISTON SHAROITIDA JORIY ETISH MEXANIZMLARI
This article provides a systematic analysis of the “work-life balance” concept, which holds significant importance in modern labor relations. The theoretical foundations of the concept and the mechanisms for its implementation in the context of Uzbekistan are studied comprehensively. In particular, the relevance of this concept is substantiated against the background of the pandemic, the development of digital technologies, and changes in the global labor market. International normative documents, the views of Western scholars, as well as the theoretical approaches of researchers such as Greenhaus, Beutell, and Clark are extensively covered. The article elaborates on the three key elements of the concept: flexible working schedules, mechanisms for supporting family responsibilities, and stress management systems. Advanced practices are analyzed using the examples of the European Union and Scandinavian countries. For Uzbekistan, the necessity of legislative and institutional measures for the implementation of the concept is substantiated, including amendments to the Labor Code, the development of special state programs, and the creation of a monitoring system. The research findings demonstrate that the introduction of work-life balance strengthens employees’ mental and physical health, increases labor productivity, and contributes to the development of modern labor relations. It is further emphasized that integrating the concept into national labor legislation and implementing it in stages will enhance work efficiency, improve health, and strengthen the institution of the family.
12.00.05 – Mehnat huquqi. Ijtimoiy ta’minot huquqi.
“work-life balance”, mehnat huquqi, moslashuvchan ish grafigi, ayollar mehnati, oilaviy majburiyatlar, stress-menejment, mehnat qonunchiligi, xalqaro tajriba, institutsional mexanizmlar
ДОСУДЕБНАЯ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ И ПРАВОВОЙ ЩИТ: НОВЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ГРАЖДАН В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ
The article details the introduction of a new mechanism for pre-trial appeal against administrative acts adopted in the field of public services in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The focus is on the activities of Appeals Councils established under state bodies and organizations providing public services. The author analyzed their legal status, functions, and procedural features, as well as evaluated the effectiveness of these bodies as a tool for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and legal entities without the need to apply to the court. Special attention is paid to the international experience of similar institutions operating in countries with a developed system of administrative law, which allows for comparing the level of accessibility, promptness, and objectivity of dispute resolution in Uzbekistan with foreign practices. It also emphasizes the importance of digitalizing administrative procedures and strengthening institutional responsibility as crucial factors in strengthening legal statehood. This legal experiment is presented as part of a large-scale administrative reform aimed at increasing transparency, fairness, and citizens’ trust in state institutions.
12.00.04 – Fuqarolik protsessual huquqi. Xo‘jalik protsessual huquqi. Hakamlik jarayoni va mediatsiya.
государственные услуги, апелляционный совет, досудебное рассмотрение, законность, международный опыт, административная реформа
СПЕЦИФИКА СУБЪЕКТНОГО СОСТАВА И ДОГОВОРНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В ЭКОСИСТЕМЕ УМНЫХ ГОРОДОВ: ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН
The article analyzes the features of the subject composition and contractual relations in smart cities of Uzbekistan in the context of the digital transformation of the urban environment. The legal status of key participants - state digital infrastructure operators, foreign investors, mahalla institutions, and innovation companies - has a specific character, determined by the national legal system and the social organization of society. Contractual relations are distinguished by a high degree of complexity and require the development of new legal structures for regulating rights to urban data, risk distribution, and ensuring flexibility in the context of rapid technological development. The integration of traditional mahalla institutions into a modern digital ecosystem forms a unique model of a smart city that combines technological innovations with sustainable social practices. For the development of an inclusive innovation ecosystem, further modernization of legislation in the areas of public procurement, intellectual property, and experimental legal regimes is necessary.
умный город, субъектный состав, договорные отношения, цифровая инфраструктура, махалля, инновационные компании
THE CIVIL LEGAL NATURE OF BIOINFORMATICS
This research investigates the civil legal framework governing bioinformatics within Uzbekistan’s judicial system amid contemporary digital transformation processes. The study examines how bioinformatics elements integrate with established civil law institutions while identifying regulatory challenges in current legal practice. Through systematic analysis of Uzbekistan’s Civil Code (1996), Copyright and Related Rights Law (2006), and Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Law (2002), combined with international legal precedent examination, this investigation reveals that bioinformatics demonstrates hybrid characteristics merging biological information with computational technologies. These unique features necessitate specialized legal approaches within Uzbekistan’s civil law framework. The research employs comparative legal methodology between Uzbekistan’s system and international frameworks, supplemented by case study analysis and systematic interpretation of relevant legislative provisions. Findings indicate that traditional civil law categories require adaptive mechanisms to accommodate bioinformatics innovations effectively. The study proposes conceptual frameworks for adapting civil law doctrine to technological realities while maintaining consistency with Uzbekistan’s legal traditions. Practical implications include establishing theoretical foundations for specialized bioinformatics regulation and enhancing intellectual property protection mechanisms within Uzbekistan’s developing biotechnology sector.
TEVARAK ATROFNI IFLOSLANISHINI OLDINI OLISH YOXUD HUQUQIY TARTIBGA SOLISH DAVR TALABI
Ushbu maqolada O'zbekistondagi atrof-muhit ifloslanishi va chiqindilarni boshqarish masalalari, sanoat faoliyati va noto'g'ri chiqindi utilizatsiyasi natijasida havo, suv va tuproqning ifloslanishi ko'rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqotda "Chiqindilar to'g'risida"gi qonun va atmosfera havosini muhofaza qilish qoidalarini o'z ichiga olgan amaldagi qonunchilik bazasi tahlil qilingan, chiqindi poligonlarini boshqarishdagi muammolar ta'kidlangan. Yashil iqtisodiyot tamoyillarini joriy etish, qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalarini rivojlantirish va barqaror atrof-muhitni himoya qilish chora-tadbirlarini amalga oshirishda "O'zbekiston-2030" strategiyasining ahamiyati alohida qayd etilgan.
WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF FAIR AND EQUITABLE TREATMENT (FET) STANDARD, AND CAN IT BE AGREED THAT FET IS OVERLY BROAD STANDARD? CAN FAIR AND EQUITABLE TREATMENT (FET) STANDARD BE DISTINGUISHED FROM THE FULL-PROTECTION AND SECURITY (FPS) STANDARD?
This paper explores the principles of fair and equitable treatment (FET) and full protection and security (FPS) within the context of international investment law. The analysis is structured into three distinct sections. The first section delves into the scope of the fair and equitable treatment standard, examining its significance and application in international investment agreements. The second section provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of full protection and security, its historical evolution, and its role in protecting investors. The final section investigates the relationship between fair and equitable treatment and full protection and security, highlighting their interconnectedness and how they collectively contribute to the protection of foreign investments.
fair and equitable treatment (FET) and full protection and security (FPS).
BMT VA XALQARO TASHKILOTLARDA KIBERTERRORIZMGA QARSHI KURASHNING XALQARO HUQUQIY MEXANIZMLARI
Ushbu maqola Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT) va boshqa xalqaro tuzilmalar doirasida kiberterrorizmga qarshi kurashning xalqaro huquqiy mexanizmlarini tahlil qilishga bagʻishlangan. Maqolada raqamli texnologiyalarning jadal rivojlanishi ijobiy imkoniyatlar bilan bir qatorda kiberterrorizm kabi yangi tahdidlarni ham yuzaga keltirayotgani ta'kidlanadi. Muallif "kiberterrorizm" atamasining 1980-yillarda vujudga kelganini eslatib oʻtib, uning aniq va yagona ta'rifi yoʻqligi bilan bogʻliq muammolarga e'tibor qaratadi. Shu maqsadda maqolada kiberterrorizmning "axborot urushi" va "kiberjinoyat" kabi tushunchalardan siyosiy motivlari bilan farqlanishi koʻrsatib berilgan. Maqolada kiberterrorizmning ikki asosiy turi ajratib koʻrsatilgan: kompyuter tarmoqlari va muhim infratuzilmalarga bevosita hujum qilishni anglatuvchi "sof" kiberterrorizm hamda internetdan targʻibot, yollash, moliyalashtirish va jinoiy faoliyatni muvofiqlashtirish uchun foydalanish. Tahlilning asosiy qismi BMTning bu boradagi faoliyatiga qaratilgan boʻlib, Bosh Assambleya va Xavfsizlik Kengashi tomonidan qabul qilingan bir qator rezolyutsiyalar orqali global kiberxavfsizlik madaniyatini yaratish va internetdan terrorchilik maqsadlarida foydalanishga qarshi kurashish borasidagi sa'y-harakatlar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, NATO va "Katta sakkizlik" (G8) kabi boshqa xalqaro tuzilmalarning ham bu sohadagi roli koʻrib chiqilgan. Mavjud sa'y-harakatlarga qaramay, kiberterrorizmga qarshi kurash boʻyicha universal xalqaro shartnoma mavjud emasligi va bu holat davlatlar oʻrtasidagi hamkorlikka toʻsiq boʻlayotgani ta'kidlanadi. Shu munosabat bilan, BMT shafeligida kiberterrorizmning oldini olish va unga qarshi kurashish hamda yangi texnologiyalar orqali terrorizmni moliyalashtirishga qarshi kurashish toʻgʻrisidagi konvensiyalarni qabul qilish taklif etiladi.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ МЕТОДОВ РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ СПОРОВ В РАМКАХ ВТО
В данной статье исследуются особенности применения альтернативных методов разрешения споров (АМРС) в рамках Всемирной торговой организации (ВТО). Анализируются политико-правовая природа данных механизмов, их процессуальные особенности, а также причины их ограниченного применения на практике. Особое внимание уделяется арбитражу в соответствии со статьёй 25 Соглашения о правилах и процедурах разрешения споров (DSU), а также таким методам, как добрые услуги, посредничество и примирение, регулируемым статьёй 5 DSU. В условиях кризиса Апелляционного органа ВТО эффективность и востребованность альтернативных механизмов приобретает особое значение. В статье предлагаются меры по институциональному укреплению данных процедур и повышению их привлекательности для государств-членов.
альтернативные способы разрешения споров (ADR)
Соглашение по урегулированию споров (DSU)
многостороннее арбитражное соглашение по апелляциям (MPIA)
КРИПТОВАЛЮТА И ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРАВО РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН: ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ, РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ПРАВОПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПРАКТИКА
Настоящая статья посвящена комплексному правовому анализу криптовалют в контексте гражданского права Республики Узбекистан. Исследуется правовая природа криптовалют как объекта гражданских прав, выявляются пробелы в национальном регулировании, а также рассматриваются гражданско-правовые последствия их использования. Особое внимание уделено сравнительному анализу законодательства государств СНГ (Россия, Казахстан, Беларусь, Кыргызстан) с целью определения общих и специфических подходов к юридическому признанию и обороту криптовалют. В статье исследуются основные проблемы и риски, возникающие в правоприменительной практике, а также предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию гражданско-правового регулирования в Узбекистане, с учетом международного и регионального опыта. Результаты исследования направлены на развитие правовой доктрины в области цифровых активов и обеспечение баланса между инновациями и правовой определённостью.
NORMA IJODKORLIGI VA BOSQICHLARI YUZASIDAN NAZARIY HAMDA HUQUQIY TAHLIL
Mazkur ilmiy maqola doirasida mamlakatimizda norma ijodkorligi faoliyatini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqish asosiy maqsad qilib olingan. Shuningdek, norma ijodkorligi faoliyatini huquqiy tartibga coluvchi normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar, huquqni qо‘llash amaliyoti, xorijiy mamlakatlar qonunchiligi va amaliyoti hamda ilmiy-nazariy qarashlar va huquqiy kategoriyalar ilmiy maqola bо‘yicha tadqiqot predmeti hisoblanadi. Tadqiqot maqsadi va predmetidan kelib chiqib ta’kidlash lozimki, bugungi kunda “norma ijodkorligi” tushunchasi yuzasidan ilmiy tadqiqotlar о‘tkazilgan bо‘lsada, uning yagona ta’rifi borasida aniq ilmiy konsepsiya shakllanmagan. Shu bilan birga milliy qonunchilikda ham ushbu tushunchaning huquqiy tavsifi hamda unga oid huquqiy normalar ishlab chiqilmagan. Qayd etiganlar ushbu mavzuning bugungi kunda yurisprudensiya uchun dolzarbligini kо‘rsatmoqda. Shundan kelib chiqib, mazkur maqola doirasida “norma ijodkorligi” tushunchasi borasidagi ilmiy va huquqiy nazariyalar tahlil qilinib, mazkur tushuncha va uning bosqichlari yuzasidan mualliflik ta’riflari ishlab chiqilgan. Shuningdek, maqola doirasida mazkur tushunchaning “huquq ijodkorligi” va “qonun ijodkorligi”tushunchalaridan farqli jihatlari soha olimlari qarashlari bilan о‘zaro ilmiy bahs va tahlil asosida ilmiy jihatdan atroflicha asoslab berilgan.