МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ФОРМАТА «ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ АЗИЯ – РОССИЯ»: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ, ДОГОВОРНАЯ БАЗА И ПРЕДЕЛЫ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ
Ключевые слова:
Центральная Азия, Российская Федерация, международное право, международный договор, мягкое право (soft law), функциональная институционализация, имплементацияАннотация
В статье исследуются международно-правовая природа, нормативная архитектура и пределы институционализации формата «Центральная Азия – Россия». Разграничены четыре уровня регулирования: двусторонние договоры; обязательства в рамках действующих региональных организаций; политико-программные документы самого формата; национальная и отраслевая имплементация. На основе материалов саммитов 2022 и 2025 годов, Плана совместных действий на 2025–2027 годы и девятой встречи министров иностранных дел 2026 года обосновано, что данный механизм проходит функциональную институционализацию, не приобретая при этом признаков самостоятельной международной организации. Сравнение с форматами «Центральная Азия – Китай», C5+1, «Центральная Азия – Европейский союз» и «Центральная Азия – ССАГПЗ» выявляет особую российскую траекторию: высокую насыщенность внешней договорно-правовой среды при сохранении мягкоправовой природы собственных шестисторонних актов. Предложены конкретные процедуры мониторинга и комплекс рекомендаций для Республики Узбекистан.
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
Allison, R. (2008). Virtual regionalism, regional structures and regime security in Central Asia. Central Asian Survey, 27(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930802355121
Aust, A. (2013). Modern treaty law and practice (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Collective Security Treaty Organization. (2002, October 7). Charter of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. https://odkb-csto.org/documents/documents/ustav_organizatsii_dogovora_o_kollektivnoy_bezopasnosti_/
Commonwealth of Independent States. (1993, January 22). Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States. https://eccis.org/document/187
Cooley, A. (2012). Great games, local rules: The new great power contest in Central Asia. Oxford University Press.
Dadabaev, T., & Umarov, A. (2025). A constructivist framework for the Central Asian regional security complex: Identity, interests and security dynamics. International Affairs, 101(4), 1237–1258. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaf070
Dadabaev, T., & Umarov, A. (2026). Transformative resilience under geopolitical precarity: Uzbekistan’s regional strategy after 2016. Contemporary Security Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2026.2680145
Dragneva, R., & Wolczuk, K. (2017). The Eurasian Economic Union: Deals, rules and the exercise of power. Chatham House. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2017/05/eurasian-economic-union
Executive Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States. (2025). Migratsionnaya situatsiya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 2024 godu — I kvartale 2025 goda [Migration situation in the Russian Federation in 2024 and the first quarter of 2025]. https://eccis.org/cooperation/5003/202082
Far East and Arctic Development Corporation. (2023, April 25). Tovarooborot Rossii i stran Tsentralnoy Azii vyros v 2022 godu na 15 % [Trade turnover between Russia and the Central Asian countries increased by 15% in 2022]. https://erdc.ru/import-substitution/tovarooborot-rossii-i-stran-tsentralnoy-azii-vyros-v-2022-godu-na-15/
Klabbers, J. (2022). An introduction to international organizations law (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Laruelle, M., & Peyrouse, S. (2013). Globalizing Central Asia: Geopolitics and the challenges of economic development. M.E. Sharpe.
Libman, A., & Vinokurov, E. (2012). Holding-together regionalism: Twenty years of post-Soviet integration. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137271136
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. (2026, April 17). On the ninth meeting of foreign ministers in the “Central Asia–Russia” format. https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/2096391/
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. (2024, April 1). The Secretariat of the “Central Asia–China” format was established. https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/1200
President of Russia. (2022, October 14). Russia–Central Asia summit. https://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/69598
President of Russia. (2025, October 9). Second Russia–Central Asia summit. https://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/78180
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025, October 9). Prezident Kasym-Zhomart Tokayev prinyal uchastie vo vtorom sammite “Tsentralnaya Aziya – Rossiya” [President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev participated in the second “Central Asia–Russia” summit]. Akorda. https://www.akorda.kz/ru/prezident-kasym-zhomart-tokaev-prinyal-uchastie-vo-vtorom-sammite-centralnaya-aziya-rossiya-993341
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2018, March 15). Po initsiative Shavkata Mirziyoyeva proshla konsultativnaya vstrecha glav gosudarstv Tsentralnoy Azii [A consultative meeting of the heads of Central Asian states was held on the initiative of Shavkat Mirziyoyev]. https://president.uz/ru/1571
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2025a, October 9). President of Uzbekistan outlines priorities of full-scale cooperation between Central Asia and Russia. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/8559
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2025b, October 9). Vystuplenie Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistan Shavkata Mirziyoyeva na vtorom sammite v formate “Tsentralnaya Aziya – Rossiya” [Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the second “Central Asia–Russia” summit]. https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/8558
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2026, February 16). On additional measures to consistently continue and advance reforms within the priority areas of the country’s development until 2030 (Decree No. UP-21)]. LexUZ. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/8050774
RBC. (2025, June 19). V MVD raskryli chislo pribyvshikh v 2024 godu migrantov [The Ministry of Internal Affairs disclosed the number of migrants arriving in 2024]. https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/685462a59a7947b576ab8f87
Republic of Uzbekistan. (2012, September 10). On approval of the Concept of foreign policy activities of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Law No. LRU-330)].
Republic of Uzbekistan. (2019, February 6). On international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Law No. LRU-518)]. LexUZ. https://lex.uz/docs/4193763
Sayapin, S. (2026). International law in Central Asia: A critical overview. In S. Sayapin (Ed.), International law, politics and security in Central Asia (pp. 3–29). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-17818-3_1
Schermers, H. G., & Blokker, N. M. (2018). International institutional law: Unity within diversity (6th rev. ed.). Brill Nijhoff.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. (2002, June 7). Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. https://rus.sectsco.org/20020607/1608561.html
Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. (2014, May 29). https://docs.eaeunion.org/documents/236/8429/
Umirdinov, A., & Khakimov, A. (2020). Tensions between domestic and international law for supremacy in Uzbekistan. KLRI Journal of Law and Legislation, 10(2), 195–245. https://doi.org/10.22851/kjll.2020.10.2.001
United Nations. (1945, June 26). Charter of the United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text
United Nations. (1969, May 23). Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf
Xinhua. (2025, June 18). Xi urges China, Central Asian countries to promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. The State Council of the People’s Republic of China. https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202506/18/content_WS6851f39dc6d0868f4e8f36c2.html
